Turkmenistan Länderverzeichnis

Turkmenistan, located in Central Asia, is a country of stark contrasts and fascinating history. It is bordered by Kazakhstan and Uzbekistan to the north and northeast, Afghanistan to the southeast, Iran to the south, and the Caspian Sea to the west. Known for its vast deserts, ancient Silk Road cities, and striking modern architecture, Turkmenistan offers an enigmatic and unique travel experience.

From the marble-clad capital of Ashgabat and the ancient ruins of Merv to the natural phenomenon of the Darvaza Gas Crater (the “Door to Hell”) and the remote Karakum Desert, Turkmenistan is a land of wonder. Visitors can explore its cultural heritage, characterized by traditional crafts, music, and cuisine, while marveling at its unique blend of ancient and futuristic influences.

Turkmenistan experiences an extreme continental climate:

• Summer (June to August): Extremely hot, with temperatures often exceeding 40°C, particularly in desert regions.
• Winter (December to February): Cold, with temperatures ranging from -6°C to 4°C, especially in the north.
• Spring (March to May): Pleasant weather with blooming landscapes, making it an ideal time to visit.
• Autumn (September to November): Another excellent season, with cooler temperatures and clear skies.

Best Times to Visit:

• Spring (March to May) and Autumn (September to November) are the most comfortable periods for exploring cities, historical sites, and natural attractions.

Turkmenistan is accessible by air, rail, and road:

• Air Travel: Ashgabat International Airport is the main gateway, with limited international connections to cities in Europe, Asia, and the Middle East.
• Rail Travel: Domestic trains connect major cities like Ashgabat, Mary, and Turkmenabat. International rail links to Uzbekistan and Kazakhstan exist but are limited.
• Road Travel: Land crossings are possible from Iran, Uzbekistan, and Kazakhstan, though border procedures can be time-consuming.
• Sea Travel: Turkmenbashi port on the Caspian Sea connects to Azerbaijan’s Baku by ferry.

Nightlife in Turkmenistan is more subdued compared to other countries, reflecting its conservative culture:

• Ashgabat: The capital offers a few upscale bars, lounges, and restaurants, often located within luxury hotels.
• Cultural Performances: Traditional music and dance shows provide insight into Turkmen heritage.
• Local Cafés: Popular among locals, these are great spots to relax and enjoy Turkmen tea and snacks.
• Festivals and Events: Occasional public performances and celebrations are held in conjunction with national holidays.

Turkmenistan is known for its traditional crafts and unique souvenirs:

• Turkmen Carpets: World-famous handwoven carpets featuring intricate designs.
• Embroidery and Textiles: Traditional clothing and decorative items showcasing vibrant patterns.
• Jewelry: Silver and semi-precious stone jewelry inspired by Turkmen traditions.
• Silk and Cotton: High-quality fabrics are widely available.
• Dried Fruits and Nuts: Locally produced and highly regarded for their flavor.
• Ceramics and Pottery: Handcrafted items such as plates, bowls, and vases.

Turkmenistan’s festivals highlight its cultural and historical heritage:

• April: National Horse Day celebrates the revered Akhal-Teke horses with races and parades.
• May: Turkmen Carpet Day honors the country's renowned carpet-making traditions.
• October: Independence Day (October 27) is marked with parades, cultural performances, and fireworks.
• March: Nowruz, the Persian New Year, is celebrated with feasts, music, and community gatherings.

Fixed Holidays:

• 1 January: New Year's Day
• 8 March: International Women's Day
• 21 March: Nowruz Bayram (Spring Festival)
• 22 March: Nowruz Bayram (Spring Festival)
• 18 May: Constitution Day
• 27 September: Independence Day
• 6 October: Day of Commemoration and National Mourning
• 12 December: Day of Neutrality

Tentative Holidays:

• Eid al-Fitr
• Eid al-Adha

• Currency: The Turkmenistan Manat (TMT) is the official currency. US Dollars are widely used, particularly in hotels and for larger transactions.
• Language: Turkmen is the official language, but Russian is widely understood in urban areas.
• Emergency Numbers: Dial 03 for medical emergencies, 02 for police, and 01 for fire services.
• Cultural Sensitivity: Respect local customs, and dress modestly, especially in rural areas.
• Safety: Turkmenistan is generally safe, but travelers should remain cautious of local laws and regulations.
• Connectivity: Internet access is limited and often censored. Travelers may want to use international SIM cards for better connectivity.

Getting around Turkmenistan involves a mix of domestic options:

• Trains: Affordable and reliable, connecting major cities, though travel times can be long.
• Buses and Shared Taxis: Common for intercity travel; shared taxis are faster but more expensive.
• Domestic Flights: Flights by Turkmenistan Airlines connect Ashgabat with regional cities.
• Car Rentals: Available but require a local driver due to complicated navigation and regulations.

Turkmenistan’s culture reflects its nomadic heritage and Silk Road history:

• Music and Dance: Traditional Turkmen music features the dutar (two-stringed instrument), and folk dances are performed during celebrations.
• Cuisine: Signature dishes include plov (rice with meat and vegetables), shashlik (grilled meat skewers), and chorba (soup). Green tea is a staple.
• Hospitality: Turkmen people are known for their warmth and generosity, often inviting guests to share a meal.
• Religion: Islam, predominantly Sunni, plays a significant role in the country’s cultural traditions.

Turkmenistan’s economy is heavily reliant on natural resources and agriculture:

• Natural Gas: Among the world’s largest exporters, particularly to China.
• Cotton Production: A major agricultural export.
• Carpet Industry: Renowned for its high-quality, handwoven Turkmen carpets.
• Tourism: An emerging sector, with the government promoting cultural and eco-tourism.

Traveling to Turkmenistan requires preparation due to strict visa policies:

• Tourist Visa: A letter of invitation (LOI) from a registered tour operator is typically required.
• Transit Visa: Available for short stays while traveling through the country.
• Visa on Arrival: Limited to travelers with prior arrangements and an LOI.
• Registration: Visitors must register with the State Migration Service within three days of arrival.

Turkmenistan maintains embassies and consulates worldwide. In Ashgabat, foreign embassies provide consular services to their citizens and issue visas for those planning to visit.