Rome City Guide

General Information / Guide

Rome, also known as the capital of two states due to hosting the Vatican, is a city of historical significance. Positioned between the Tiber and Aniene rivers, the city was once the world's largest during the Roman Empire and is now one of the most populous capitals. Serving as the capital to numerous civilizations throughout history has filled every corner of Rome with different historical structures. If you plan to travel to Rome, consider at least a week to explore the city thoroughly.
Another important aspect of the city is the diverse styles of its monuments. While wandering in Rome, you can see magnificent works reflecting Baroque and Renaissance architectural styles.
The Tiber River acts as a dividing feature for Rome. The two halves of the city, connected by numerous bridges, are known as the Old City and the New City.
With its cuisine, culture, history, natural beauty, and local products, Rome stands out as one of the world's most beautiful cities. If you are traveling abroad for the first time, Rome is one of the most ideal options to consider.

Climate / Weather / When to Go

Rome has a Mediterranean climate. This means summers are hot and dry, while winters are mild and humid. The average daytime temperature in Rome is around 21°C. The hottest month is August, with an average daytime temperature of around 32°C and a nighttime temperature of 17°C. The coldest month is January, with daytime temperatures averaging 12.6°C and nighttime temperatures around 2.1°C.
The city, with its mild Mediterranean climate, can be visited throughout the year. However, going to Rome in the summer might be too hot and crowded. For a quieter and more affordable holiday, consider visiting Rome in the late spring or early fall. If you want to explore the city's museums without paying, consider scheduling your visit to include the first Sunday of the month. On the first and last Sundays of the month in Rome, entry to different museums is free.

How to Get There

Rome has two main international airports: Leonardo da Vinci-Fiumicino Airport (FCO) and Ciampino International Airport (CIA). Fiumicino, the main airport, is modern, large, and well-connected to the city center via express train or private coaches. Ciampino is a smaller, low-cost airport closer to the city but lacks a direct train connection. Visitors can take a train to Ciampino station and then a bus to the airport. 
If flight options to Rome are limited, alternatives like Naples, Perugia, Pescara, Florence, Bologna, Pisa, or Milan are available, with convenient train or bus connections to Rome. Ciampino has limited services, closes overnight, and offers various coach options to Termini in downtown Rome, including SITBusShuttle, Terravision, RomeAirportBus, and COTRAL.
Additionally, there are indirect public transport options involving ATRAL buses, metro, or trains from Ciampino. Taxis, rental cars, shared shuttles, and pre-booked limousines or minicabs are alternative transportation choices. Rome's main railway station is Termini, and driving to Rome is facilitated by the Grande Raccordo Anulare motorway. However, a GPS or map is recommended for navigating beyond the city center.

Food / Restaurants / What to Eat and Drink

Italian cuisine is one of the world's most cherished cuisines. Rome embodies the unique aspects of Italian cuisine, offering numerous flavors to its visitors. The city boasts delicious pizzas, pasta, various arancini, and Panna Cotta desserts. Rome's must-try dishes include stone-baked pizzas with unique flavors using extra virgin olive oil from Sforno, Antico Forno Roscioli, La Gatta Mangiona, La Fucina, and Emma restaurants. For a chic atmosphere and local dishes, Er Pizzicarolo, L'Estro del Pesce, Mastrociccia Osteria Pinseria Bistrot, Tonnarello, and Nannarella are excellent choices. Chain brands like Burger King and McDonald's are also available, and for breakfast, you can enjoy the classic Italian combination of croissants and espresso. While restaurants in Italy may not be budget-friendly, the meticulously prepared meals are undeniably worth the expense.

Important Places / Places to Visit

• Colosseum: Selected as one of the Seven Wonders of the World on July 7, 2007, the Colosseum is the world's largest amphitheater. Built with travertine limestone, tuff, and brick-covered concrete, it hosted gladiator fights to entertain both the public and emperors. Despite earthquake damage and stolen stones, it remains one of Rome's most important symbols.
• Pantheon: Meaning "all the gods," the Pantheon was built for all Roman gods and is one of the best-preserved structures globally. Used as a church since the 7th century, it holds the distinction of being the oldest concrete-domed building in the city, featuring an "eye" opening at the top for illumination and sky-watching.
• Trevi Fountain: Designed by Nicola Salvi and completed by Giuseppe Pannini, the Trevi Fountain is Rome's largest and most symbolic baroque-style fountain. Known as the Fountain of Love, it has a charming legend: tossing a coin into the fountain ensures a return to Rome.
• Spanish Steps: Comprising 135 steps and taking 2 years to build, the Spanish Steps are located near the Spanish Square. At the top stands the Trinità dei Monti Church. Including these steps and the church in your visit to this square is a must.
• Roman Forum: Providing detailed information about the city's origins, the Roman Forum was the central hub for a millennium. Constructed between the 5th century BCE and the 7th century CE, it housed religious structures, monuments, and government buildings. Key preserved structures include the Temples of Castor and Pollux, the Temple of Saturn, the Arch of Septimius Severus, and the Rostra.
• Castle of the Holy Angel (Castel Sant'Angelo): Illuminating Rome's past, this castle, initially designed as the mausoleum for Emperor Hadrian and his family, later transformed into a fortress during the Middle Ages. Located near the Vatican, don't forget to enjoy the unique view of the Tiber River from the Angel Terrace.
• Vatican Museums: A visit to the Vatican Museums is essential when in Rome. As one of the world's largest museums, it houses historical artifacts from ancient Greeks and Etruscans to modern works, featuring 54 galleries along with the renowned Sistine Chapel. Marvel at the chapel's breathtaking frescoes, particularly the Creation of Adam.
• Piazza Navona (Navona Square): One of the city's liveliest areas, Navona Square is perfect for photography, observing daily Roman life, and enjoying street performances. Occasionally hosting festivals, if you're lucky, you can join the festivities; if not, just savoring a coffee in this vibrant square is an enjoyable experience.
• St. Peter's Basilica: A prominent feature in the city's skyline, St. Peter's Basilica is the largest church in Christianity. With a capacity of 60,000, this basilica is a harmonious blend of Baroque and Renaissance architecture. Climbing to its terrace to enjoy the view is a dream for every traveler, and entrance is free.
• Palatine Hill: Like Istanbul, Rome is a city of seven hills, with Palatine Hill being the most popular, providing panoramic views and historical ruins. If you want to gaze at the beauty of this famous city from above, a visit to Palatine Hill is a must.

There are numerous places to explore in Rome beyond these recommendations, including Borghese Gallery, Venice Square, Santa Maria Maggiore Basilica, St. Peter's Square, Capitoline Museums, and the Arch of Constantine.

What to Do

Explore Rome by strolling through streets, letting them lead you to lively squares. Despite damage, the Colosseum is a must-visit, offering a glimpse into the city's significance. Consider a guided tour for a deeper exploration. If in Rome on the first Sunday, plan a museum tour with free admissions; otherwise, don't miss the chance to explore Rome's museums.
Shopping in Rome is a treat, with stores offering discounted prices on brands like Armani and Versace. While in the city, explore these stores and treat yourself to some beautiful items. Join festive events at Navona Square, indulge in pasta and pizza, and cool down with gelato. Try the coffee menu at Caffe Greco near the Spanish Steps and toss a coin into the Trevi Fountain for a return visit. Explore Vatican City within the city limits.

Nightlife / Bars / Entertainment

Rome, one of Europe's most important capitals, transforms into a glittering city at night with the illumination of all its historical structures. The nightlife is vibrant, with Testaccio being a preferred area for tourists and San Lorenzo a delightful spot for locals. Daytime bustling spots like Campo dei Fiori Square, Navona Square, and the Spanish Steps remain crowded at night. Nightclubs opening after 22.00 extend the festivities in Rome until the early morning, especially at Piazza Tilusso Square. If you seek enjoyable places, consider these:
VinoRoma Wine Studio & Social Club: A chic venue where wine enthusiasts can savor delightful wines and relish impressive food.
The Basement-Pub: Known for its unforgettable cocktails, this venue offers a lively ambiance with great music and friendly bartenders.
La Botticella: Popular among tourists, La Botticella offers a diverse beer selection, crafted cocktails, and a warm welcome from the owners. Don't miss the chance to try their 4-cheese pizza.
While these spots are among the city's most enjoyable, other popular options include The British Corner, Ice Club, Cargo, and Peaky Blinders Roma. Regarding expenses, it's challenging to label Rome's nightlife as budget-friendly. Therefore, it is recommended to bring enough money or order wisely based on your budget. 

Shopping / What to Buy

While it's a known fact that Milan is the primary shopping destination in Italy, Rome offers many options catering to different budgets and tastes. Rome features renowned brand stores with exclusive collections. Even for those on a budget, there are numerous shopping options for finding exquisite products or souvenirs. Key shopping spots include Via Condetti, near the Spanish Steps, offering luxury brands like Gucci and Prada, and Via del Boschetto, ideal for independent designer enthusiasts. Via Cola di Rienzo, on the way to the Vatican, provides a slightly pricier yet affordable shopping experience. The Porta Portese flea market on Sundays offers quality products at reasonable prices. Shopping recommendations in Rome cater to various budgets, including Pinocchio-themed items, paintings from Navona Square, exclusive clothing, and accessories made with Murano glass.

Festivals/ Events

February: The Roman Carnival 
April- June: The Spring Festival
June- September: The Summer Festival
September: White Night
September- November: Romaeuropa Festival 
October: Great Autumn Market
October: The Eurochocolate Festival 
October: Rome Independent Film Festival
November: Rome Jazz Festival
December: Piazza Navona Christmas Market

Holidays / Festivals / Important Days

1 January: New Year's Day
6 January: Epiphany
Maundy Thursday: (date varies)
Easter Monday: First Monday after Easter
25 April: Liberation Day
1 May: Labour Day
2 June: Republic Day 
15 August: Ferragosto (Assumption of Mary)
1 November: All Saints’ Day
8 December: Feast of the Immaculate Conception
25 December: Christmas Day 
26 December: Giorno di Santo Stefano (St. Stephen’s Day)
31 December: New Year's Eve

Things to Pay Attention to / Important Information

Pickpocketing and Theft: Rome's tourist status increases the risk of pickpocketing and theft. Culprits are often individuals from other countries targeting tourists.
Wallet Safety Precautions: Periodically check your wallet to prevent negative experiences.
Cost-Effective Coffee Options: Drinking coffee standing is more affordable than sitting in certain places. Opt for cafes offering this privilege if you have a limited budget.
Discount Shopping Tips: During discount periods, world-famous Italian brands offer products at up to 70% off. Plan your trip to Rome based on these discount periods if shopping is a priority.
Sistine Chapel Visit Alert: If the Sistine Chapel is a must-visit, avoid planning your Vatican Museums visit on Sundays as the chapel is closed.
Budget Considerations for Dining: Restaurants and cafes near tourist attractions are pricier than those in other locations. Prices at popular spots may be up to twice as much.
Beware of Imitation Products: Some stores sell imitation products. Even when shopping at seemingly luxurious stores, check product codes for authenticity.

Transportation

In Rome, transportation revolves around metro, train, bus, taxi, and motorcycles. Tickets can be purchased at station counters. The metro is the most widely used public transport, operating from 05.30 to 23.30, extending until 00.30 on Saturdays.
Buses are popular for city travel, especially routes 64 and 110 passing through tourist spots. Consider using the metro during summer when there might be heavy traffic in the city. Taxis are important for inner-city travel but can be costly due to traffic. If on a budget, taxis should be considered as a last resort.
Rome surprises with numerous motorcycles in traffic, known for their speed and affordability compared to buses and taxis. Tourists often use the Rome Pass card, providing not only transportation access but also free entry and discounts at certain museums. It also offers a 15% discount on hop-on-hop-off tour buses. The 48-hour Rome Pass costs 32 Euros, while the 72-hour pass is 52 Euros.